India’s Nuclear Doctrine – 5 Important Key Principles

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Nuclear Doctrine

Delve into India’s Nuclear Doctrine, uncovering its principles, strategic objectives, and implications for regional and global security. Gain insights into India’s stance on nuclear weapons, deterrence, and non-proliferation efforts.

Introduction of India’s Nuclear Doctrine

Enunciation Date: India’s nuclear doctrine was first announced after a Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS)meeting in January 2003, more than four years following the nuclear tests conducted in May 1998.

Key Principles

  1. Credible Minimum Deterrence: India aims to build and maintain a nuclear arsenal that serves as a credible deterrent against aggression.
  2. No First Use Policy: India commits to a “No First Use” posture. Nuclear weapons will be used only in retaliation against a nuclear attack on Indian territory or on Indian forces, wherever they may be located.
  3. Retaliation Strategy: In the event of a nuclear first strike against it, India’s nuclear retaliation will be “massive” and designed to inflict “unacceptable damage.”
  4. Authorization for Retaliation: Nuclear retaliatory attacks can only be authorized by civilian political leadership via the Nuclear Command Authority.
  5. Non-Use Against Non-Nuclear States: India pledges not to use nuclear weapons against states that do not possess nuclear weapons.

Additional Stipulations

  • Retaliation to Biological or Chemical Attacks: India retains the option to retaliate with nuclear weapons if subjected to a major biological or chemical attack.
  • Export Controls and FMCT Negotiations: India will continue to enforce strict controls on the export of nuclear and missile-related materials and technologies and will participate in Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty (FMCT) negotiations.
  • Commitment to Disarmament: India remains committed to the ultimate goal of a nuclear-weapon-free world, through global, verifiable, and non-discriminatory disarmament.

In summary, India’s nuclear doctrine is built on the principles of credible minimum deterrence and a “No First Use” policy. The doctrine also outlines strict conditions under which nuclear retaliation would be considered, including in the face of biological or chemical attacks. It emphasizes civilian control over nuclear decisions and reflects India’s continued commitment to nuclear disarmament.

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